Field Study on Helping Behavior - 1764 Words

Abstract The aim of this field study was to examine helping behavior among passerbies in crowded and non-crowded areas. The study was carried out in an informal manner where the actor would lie down in the given areas, and the observers would record the amount of people who stopped to help or enquire. Due to the concept of the study, the passerby’s were the indirect participants and the objective of the study was discreetly disclosed to each passerby who bent down to offer assistance. Results showed that people tend to show more concern and interest in a less crowded area. Helping behavior among strangers in crowded and non-crowded settings The subject of prosocial behavior became increasingly popular since the 1970’s and†¦show more content†¦Gradually, people will tend to feel less and less responsible for their actions towards other individuals-especially those whom they do not know (Levine, 2003). Other than that, F. Stephen Bridges and Neil P. Coady (1996) carried out a study on helpfulness using a technique called â€Å"lost letters† where 420 lost, stamped letters were â€Å"dropped† carefully and equally in shop isles, besides public pay-phones and sidewalks across Broward County in Florida. A total of 210 letters were dropped in the cities and the remaining 210 in smaller towns across the county, as the aim was to find out which location had a higher return rate of letters. The envelopes consisted of addresses of two normal addresses addressed to â€Å"B. J. Wilson† (control group) and â€Å"Dandee Wilson† as well as three social deviant addresses which were â€Å"Prostitute Education†, â€Å"Legalized Prostitution†, and â€Å"Safer Hustling†. However, out of the 420 letters that were scattered across the county, only 199 were mailed back from both the locations combined. The results took an unexpected twist and showed th at there was a larger figure of return rates from the cities in contrast to the small towns (Bridges amp; Coady, p. 309). The hypothesis is that passerby’s would portray more helping attitudes and behaviors in non-crowded areas and would appear to be less helpful in crowded settings. This is in line with the research conducted by Lattane and Dabbs (1975), suggesting that there is a correlation between the amountShow MoreRelatedThe Field of Psychology840 Words   |  3 Pagesthe human experience. The field of psychology addresses the entire gamut of human behavior and the complexities of emotion. Issues related to perception and cognition are included in psychological research. Neurobiology and neurophysiology also fall under the rubric of psychology. At the same time, psychology embraces less quantifiable variables in the human experience, such as emotional responses and altered states of consciousness. Because psychology is a broad field, it exhibits a great degreeRead MoreThe History of Psychology and its Relations to Video Games Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pages Psychology is a very interesting field of science and study. It can tell interesting facts about someone and their personality. It can study a person’s behavior and the causes of the issues in their daily tasks. There have been fun tests that involve psychology. There is a lot of confusion about of psychology in media. They are normally depicted as criminal investigators and high action paced cops. While psychology is used in police activity it is not as hyped as it is in the movies or televisionRead MorePsychology And Sociology And Psychology1612 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of the behavior. Although these two sciences have enormous differences, for those whom never had read anything about this topics it would seem the same. Despite bearing some superficial similarities, the differences between sociology and psychology are pronounced. Actually the main contrast between them isRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1630 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a very broad field of study and requires a lot of research when choosing a career. The education that is required for pursuing a career in the field of psychology depends on the type of psychologist you want to be. Most psychology programs require at least a master s degree to pursue a psychologist career, but some may require a doctoral degree. It is important to know the educational requirements as well as state requirements when entering the field of psychology. Southwestern hasRead MorePassive And Selfless Concern For The Bystander Effect1692 Words   |  7 Pagesonline websites in the present time. For instance, there is surveillance camera footage online which shows a small two year old girl getting run over by a van in China. Almost ten m inutes go by as 18 people walk or drive past without any intentions of helping; some pedestrians looked and kept walking, others even created a path to avoid the motionless toddler. Eventually an older woman comes to the child’s aid but a few hours later he did not make it. With this short surveillance footage in mind, the finalRead MoreClinical Psychology Interview1575 Words   |  7 PagesSmith, PhD Understanding The Field of Clinical Psychologists Rodnerus Palmer Abstract An interview with a professional clinical psychologist, Dr. Ian Smith, Ph.D, was done on August 8, 2007. In the interview topics were discussed such as: background of Dr. Smith, Ph.D, a typical day of a psychologist, career path, qualities necessary for someone in the field to be successful and training. Cognitive-therapy is the approach that was discussed. Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is Dr. SmithRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pages2001). The word bystander does not always have a negative connotation, but in the case of bullying or an emergency situation, it does. In either scenario, a bystander is not helping in a time of crisis and this can have many negative outcomes. Many factors play a role in remaining passive and not engaging in prosocial behavior (Evans Smokowski, 2015). One of these factors is the well-known phenomenon known as the bystander effect. According to this theory, bystanders do not take action if thereRead MoreCorrelation Be tween Prosocial Behaviors And Prosocial Behavior1491 Words   |  6 Pagesdispositions: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 70(6), 1360-1372. Purpose and Hypotheses of the Study The study by Eisenberg, Guthrie, Murphy, Shepard, Cumberland, and Carlo (1999) had two purposes. One was to examine the predictive relationship between prosocial behavior that is less likely to be motivated by other-oriented concern and general prosocial behavior and attitudes as well as empathy-related responding across a period of 19 years. A second purpose of this study was to examine whetherRead MorePsychology And Therapy For Children With Externalizing And Anxiety Issues916 Words   |  4 PagesWhile there are multiple studies on working with children with externalizing and anxiety issues in general, many of them do not investigate this kind of play therapy. In fact, 40% of the studies in this paper are the first of their kind. Having studies that are the first of their kind tell us that this is a growing field, and more research needs to be done to increase the credibility of this therapy. There are potentially many therapies for externalizing and disruptive behaviors as well as anxiety, especiallyRead MoreSocial Cognition And Social Psychology1412 Words   |  6 Pagessupporting their helpful social behavior. Learning and assessing this social behavior is a huge chunk of what inspires the study of social psychology. When we try and look at a more biological sense of this, we find ourselves with social neuroscience. Social neuroscience is a fairly new interdisciplinary field, it is devoted to understanding and explaining how thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of people are influenced by the presence of others. This growing field uses cognitive neuroscientific methods

The Battle of Antietam Creek - 600 Words

The Battle of Antietam Creek The Battle of Antietam Creek was a very bloody and important battle in the Civil war. The battle was fought by two different armies within the Union and the Confederacy, The Army of the Potomac (Union) and The Army of Northern Virginia (Confederate). Antietam Creek is located just to the east of the Potomac River in Maryland. The battle was fought on a hill just above the west bank of Antietam Creek. The Army of the Potomac, who was on the offensive, was pushing towards the river. The Army of Northern Virginia, who was on the defensive, was on the bank defending themselves from what is often referred to as â€Å"a sea of blue.† The men who fought in the battle of Antietam Creek and the rest of the Civil War†¦show more content†¦The Army of the Potomac was led by Major General George B. McClellan. The army was made up of six corps. The six corps included the first, the second, the fifth, the sixth, and the ninth corps, and one cavalry division. The First Corps was under the command of Major General George G. Meade. The Second Corps was under the command of Major General Edwin V. Sumner. The Fifth Corps was under the command of Major General Fite John Porter. The Sixth Corps was under the command of Major General William B. Franklin. The Ninth Corps was under the command of Major General Ambrose Burnside. There was also a Calvary Division which was led by Brigadier General Alfred Pleasonton. The Army of Northern Virginia was under the supreme command of General Robert E. Lee. This army was made up of a left wing, a right wing, a cavalry division, and an artillery division. The left wing was led by Major Thomas J. â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, who famously died of being shot by one of his own men during the battle of Chancellorsville. The Right Wing was led by Major General James Longstreet. The Cavalry Divisi on was led by Major General J.E.B. Stewart, J.E.B. stood for James Ewell Brown. The Artillery Division was led by Brigadier General William N. Pendleton. This battle may not be the most famous battle in the Civil War or the most talked about battle, but every time someone mentions the Civil War the first thing that comes to my mind is the Army of the Potomac crossing Antietam Creek,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Battle of Antietam1561 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the Battle of Antietam that took place on September 17, 1862 in Sharpsburg, Maryland along the Antietam Creek. Known as â€Å"†¦the bloodiest single day in American History,† by the end of the day there would be approximately twenty-three thousand casualties of which forty-five hundred to six thousand were dead. The first topic of discussion will be on the history leading up to the morning of the seventeenth in order to establish the mindset of the commanders on both sides of the creek. After theRead MoreA Brief Note On The Battle Of Antietam1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Antietam started the morning of September 17, 1862 at 0600. Union troops of the First and Twelfth Corps made their way across Antietam Creek the day before in efforts to attack the left flank. From 0600 to 1000, the Union troops were with Confederates under Major General Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson. This engagement occurred in a 24-acre cornfield. These were the most deadly hours of the battle; over 8,000 casualties were killed at this time. As Union General Joseph Hooker later wroteRead MoreTaking a Look at Abraham Lincoln833 Words   |  3 PagesRegular Infantry. He was also a general in the Civil War. Even though Anderson’s illness put him in charge, Sherman’s apparently unreasonable requests for more men and supplies led to his removal. He redeemed himself with his courageous action at the Battle of Shiloh earning him the rank of major general. His act of bravery helped Lincoln win the war. â€Æ' Jefferson Davis Named after Thomas Jefferson, the President of the Confederate States of America, Davis was born February 19th, 1809, in Todd CountyRead MoreLee Lead The Army Of Northern Virginia1197 Words   |  5 PagesVirginia across to Potomac in Maryland in August of 1862. â€Å"Reasons for this invasion included taking pressure off the Shenandoah Valley-‘The Breadbasket of the Confederacy’-at harvest time; encouraging European support for Confederacy by winning a battle on northern soil; and demoralizing Northerners to reduce their support for the war while encouraging the salve holding state of Maryland to secede and join the Confederacy.† Lee daringly divided his own army and sent groups to capture objectives.Read MoreThe Civil War1055 Words   |  5 Pageswhat led to the start of the Civil War and what happened as soon as President Abraham Lincoln was elected to office. Then to add in the action the story line will tell about major battles of the war to include the bat tle of Bull Run, the seven days battle at Richmond, the second battle of Bull Run, and the battle at Antietam. Then comes the Emancipation Proclamation and what it brought about to the United States of America. So please sit back, relax, and enjoy the information this story has to offerRead MoreThe Battle Of Northern Virginia1504 Words   |  7 Pages22, 717 total casualties, the Battle of Antietam will go down as the bloodiest battle in American history, even surpassing Pearl Harbor and even to the surprise of many, D-Day. This battle was one of many in the Maryland campaign for the Confederacy, but this battle will cost the Confederacy many lives that will be of more significance to the Confederacy then the Union, as they have a larger population to pull troops from. The Battle of Antietam was fought in the city of Sharpsburg, Maryland in SeptemberRead MoreThe Civil War : The Battle Of Antietam969 Words   |  4 Pageswere many reasons why the battles were fought. During the Civ il War, the president was Abraham Lincoln. There were many reasons why the war was fought, but the main reason was to keep the country together. Before the war, the North and South had some conflicts. During the Civil War, the slavery was one issue why the war was fought too. There were many battles that were fought between the North and the South. Most of the battles were fought in the South. Among the battles of the Civil War, there wasRead MoreThe Battle Of Antietam And The Civil War985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle of Antietam, or The Battle of Sharpsburg as the South would call it, took place on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek. This was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. The American Civil War was beginning its second year of combat. As the Confederate States of America came close to winning the war, independence was well on its way. At first the result of the battle was controversial, as it cou ld not be determinedRead MoreHesitation At Antietam : The Civil War1768 Words   |  8 PagesHesitation at Antietam: McClellan’s Stumble in the Civil War Introduction As the bloodiest single-day in American history, the battle of Antietam shifted Union confidence sufficiently enough to serve as an early turning point in the Civil War while simultaneously discouraging international support towards the Confederacy. On September 17, 1862, Major General George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac met General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia at Antietam Creek in what would become oneRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War3503 Words   |  15 Pages Antietam A Change of Tides GROUP 1 SFC FUENTESCOLON SSG LUND SSG PATRUNO SSG WISNIOWSKI SENIOR LEADERS COURSE 13B40 CLASS 002-15 17 OCTOBER 2014 Outline Thesis: Despite the Confederate momentum going into Antietam, the battle would be the overall turning point of the Civil War. I. Introduction: Cause of the Civil War †¢ America before the Civil War †¢ America leading into the Civil War II. Union troops heading into Antietam †¢ Placement of forces for the battle †¢ Commanding officers during

Research in Business for Tata Group of Company -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResearch in Business for Tata Group of Company. Answer: Problem Statement The research study provides an overview on the impact of decentralization of management system on employees performance in the Tata group of company. Decentralization refers to the systematic delegation of the authority at all level of management in the organization. In decentralization management system, decision making responsibilities as well as daily operations are basically delegated to lower level or middle level managers by the top management. Degree of decentralization mainly depends on the extent of authority delegated to lowest level. The Tata group has highly decentralized management system and hence the member organizations have autonomy mainly in terms of strategy as well as operations (Courting EVA via @tatacompanies 2018) This management system benefits the managers of Tata group by reducing their burden of performing different functions. Additionally, it also helps the managers to focus on other vital managerial functions. Apart from this, it also facilitates the Tata group managers to control as well as supervise in better way since their subordinates have the authority of making decisions (Weihrich, 2013). As result, this improves both their managers as well as subordinates performance. Furthermore, the executives of the member enterprise of Tata group also develop new talents or the managerial position under this system (Decentralisation 2018). The new talents further provide innovative idea to diversify products and activities within the business operations. Recent evidences reflects that the Tata group of companies has imbibed new business models, better methods of accounting and innovative strategies due to their decentralized management system. However, the performance of employees improves owing to adoption of innovative strategies and business framework. Although these managers or executives of Tata group gains huge benefits, they faces problems of co-ordination since the authority disperse their functions throughout the company (Drucker, 2012). Moreover, as uniform policies as well as standardized process are impossible to follow under this system, it adversely impacts the sub-ordinates performance. Aims and Objectives The research study aims to investigate impact of decentralization of management system on the employees performance of Tata group of company. The aim is also to identify the pros and cons of decentralization of management system of the Tata group of company. The main objectives are to- Identify the benefits of decentralization in the management system of the Tata group of companies Examine the factors that impacts decentralized management system of Tata group of company Examine how the employees of Tata group of companies are affected by this decentralization in their management system. A brief Methodology Mixed methodology will be chosen for conducting this research study. Mixed methodology refers to collection of both secondary as well as primary data for the research study (Terrell, 2012). Literature review- For analyzing the impact of decentralization of management system on employees performance of Tata group, this section will highlight on the current performance of their employees and managers, issues faced by their managers under this system and its impact on companies growth. Collection of data Secondary data will be collected from the website of the member companies under the Tata group, journals and other industry sources. Interviews-For supporting the findings from secondary data, interviews of managers and employees of the Tata group will be taken. Secondary data and data analysis methods This research study will basically utilize secondary data from the website of Tata companies, journals etc. Specifically, the business environment of these companies, flexibility in managers work schedule, workers performance and issues faced by managers will be investigated from these sources (Johnston, 2017). After collecting these data, correlation analysis will be conducted for determining the influence of decentralized management system on their employees performance. References Courting EVA via @tatacompanies. (2018).tata.com. Retrieved 3 April 2018, from https://www.tata.in/article/inside/GgoXow9a9Ck=/TLYVr3YPkMU= Decentralisation: Meaning, Advantages and Disadvantages of Decentralisation. (2018).Your Article Library. Retrieved 3 April 2018, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/decentralisation-meaning-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-decentralisation/25703 Drucker, P. (2012).Management challenges for the 21st century. Routledge. Johnston, M. P. (2017). Secondary data analysis: A method of which the time has come.Qualitative and quantitative methods in libraries,3(3), 619-626. Terrell, S. R. (2012). Mixed-methods research methodologies.The qualitative report,17(1), 254-280. Weihrich, H. (2013).Management: A global, innovative, and entrepreneurial perspective. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.